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Abstract: All over the world HIV has been stigmatised, making it difficult for people living with HIV to access testing, treatment, care and counselling or even to act on a diagnosis or get advice and treatment, for fear of being judged. Prejudice in society has also often been reflected and reproduced by health care providers.

A human rights approach, which positively incorporates sexual and reproductive rights, rather than a restricted medical view, is therefore essential for the achievement of true partnerships between health care providers and service users. This paper is about …

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Abstract: Despite rhetorical attention there is little programmatic guidance as to how best to ensure that women and men living with HIV have access to sexual and reproductive health services that help them realise their reproductive goals, while ensuring their human rights. A dynamic relationship exists between the manner in which health services and programmes are delivered, and the individuals who seek these services.

A review of the literature shows clear gaps and highlights areas of concern not yet sufficiently addressed. The delivery and use of health services and programmes is …

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Abstract: In many areas of the globe most HIV infection is transmitted sexually or in association with pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, raising the need for sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS initiatives to be mutually reinforcing. Many people with HIV, who are in good health, will want to have children, and highly active antiretroviral therapy provides women and men living with AIDS the possibility of envisaging new life projects such as parenthood, because of a return to health.

However, there are still difficult choices to face concerning sexuality, parenthood …

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"Although the sexual and reproductive health-related rights, needs and aspirations of HIV positive women and men are very similar to those of men and women not infected with HIV, some key biological and social differences require specific attention." (Gruskin, Ferguson, O’Malley)

IN 2006, there were some 39.7 million people living with HIV, half of them under the age of 25. * People living with HIV have sexual and reproductive health needs and concerns, some of which are related to having HIV and others which they have in common with their non-infected peers. Yet sexual …

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Abstract: A trained health service workforce is critical to ensuring good quality service delivery to people with HIV. There is only limited documented information on the challenges and constraints facing health tare providers in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV positive women and men.

This paper reviews information on providers’ attitudes, motivation and level of preparedness in addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of people living with HIV in the context of the human resources crisis and emerging treatment and prevention strategies. There is a …

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Abstract: From a policy and programmatic point of view, this paper reviews the literature on the fertility-related needs of women and men living with HIV and how the entry paints represented by family planning, sexually transmitted infection and HIV-related services can ensure access to contraception, abortion and fertility services for women and men living with HIV.

Most contraceptive methods are safe and effective for HIV positive women and men. The existing range of contraceptive options should be available to people living with HIV, along with more information about and access to …

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A procedure is developed and applied for predicting ex ante impacts of agricultural research on aggregate poverty, using as an example the poverty-reducing impact of peanut research in Uganda. Market-level information on economic surplus changes is combined with a procedure for allocating income changes to individual households.

Characteristics of farmers that affect their likelihood of technology adoption are used to create a technology adoption profile. Associated changes in poverty resulting from adoption are computed using poverty indices. Predicted income changes at the household level …

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TO THE EDITOR: I wish to bring to your notice a recent report by Patel et al. (1) in the Journal of the American Medical Association that describes an outbreak of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 16 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion studies at 3 unaffiliated clinics in late 2004.

The outbreak was initially brought to the attention of a local health department in Maryland when 2 older adults with no recognized risk factors for HCV were diagnosed as having acute HCV infection approximately 1 mo after undergoing myocardial perfusion studies. Both patients were injected with …

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Epidemiologic and biologic data support a strong association between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A recent meta-analysis of prospective observational studies showed that patients who were seropositive for HSV-2 had three times the risk of acquiring HIV-1, as compared with those who were seronegative for HSV-2.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted of HSV suppressive therapy with valacyclovir (at a dose of 500 mg twice daily) in Burkina Faso among women who were seropositive for HIV-l …

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NEW YORK — Reactivation of hepatitis B virus is an underrecognized hazard of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with rheumatic disease, Dr. Leonard H. Calabrese said at a rheumatology meeting sponsored by New York University.

Although cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation were already being reported in the prebiologic era–even among patients being treated with as little as 7.5 mg of methotrexate per week and 5 mg of prednisone per day–the stakes have become higher as increasingly complex immunosuppressive therapeutic regimens are used, said Dr. Calabrese, professor …

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